Economic Indicators
- Employment and Work: Unemployment, underemployment and employment rate; Proportion of green jobs in the local economy; Average number of years of workforce education.
- Economic Growth: Annual growth rate of GDP and GNP; Net export growth; Foreign direct investment.
Environment Indicators
- Green Spaces: Percentage of preserved areas and parks in relation to the total area of the city; Proportion of trees in relation to the size of the city.
- Environmental Sustainability: Greenhouse gas emissions per capita; Percentage of renewable energy in total consumption.
- Sustainable Mobility: Modal distribution of transport; Average travel time and cost.
- Water Quality: Total water availability; Water quality index; Access to drinking water.
- Air Quality: Levels of PM10 and PM2.5 particles in the air.
- Waste Management: Recycling rate; Volume of solid waste generated.
Social Environment Indicators
- Urban Design: Accessibility to local services; Crime rates; Income distribution.
- Housing: Percentage of social and affordable housing; Types of housing and occupancy.
- Public Spaces: Road quality; Coverage of green areas in relation to the size of the city.
- Education: Schools with environmental education programs; Adult literacy rate.
- Sanitation: Access to wastewater infrastructure and water supply
- Health: Mortality rate and life expectancy; Access to health services.
Rankings to measure sustainable cities
There are several listings that categorize the “best cities or countries to live in” using different methodological approaches. These approaches incorporate a wide range of socioeconomic and environmental indicators, whose relative importance differs based on each of the classifications evaluated.
- Habitability Index (Global Liveability Index)
- It examines 140 cities around the world, analyzing more than 30 qualitative and quantitative factors in five categories (stability, health, culture and environment, education and infrastructure).
-
- Best cities (World's Best Cities) Its goal is to categorize the profile of large cities based on the opinion of visitors, investors and residents. Its result is highly correlated with the world's tourist poles. Thus, among the top 10 would be:
- London
- New York
- Paris
- Moscow
- Tokyo
- Dubai
- Singapore
- Barcelona
- Los Angeles
- Madrid
- Ranking of cities for expatriates (Expat City Ranking) It categorizes the best countries to live and work abroad. The Ibero-American space places a good number of countries in the top 20:
- Mexico (2nd)
- Costa Rica (3rd)
- Portugal (5th)
- Ecuador (8th)
- Colombia (9th)
- Spain (16th)
- Panama (19th)
- Global Quality of Life Ranking It evaluates 10 categories and 39 subcategories, with an economic, political, social, environmental and cultural context. The top ten positions would go to:
- Wien
- Zurich
- Vancouver
- Munich
- Auckland
- Dusseldorf
- Frankfurt
- Copenhagen
- gin
- Basle
